靜電式油霧凈化器利用靜電原理，使氣流中的微粒帶電荷后，借助庫侖力的作用將其捕集在集塵裝置上。它由離子化集塵裝置、送風機和電源等部件構成。

如圖所示電(dian)子集塵器(qi)(qi)由若干金屬板組成(cheng)，它們分(fen)為二(er)組，相互交叉、一(yi)組接地，另一(yi)組接高壓電(dian)，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)在金屬板之間產(chan)生一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)。當帶(dai)電(dian)的(de)工(gong)業污(wu)染(ran)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)微粒(li)(li)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)時，會(hui)受到電(dian)場(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)庫侖力發生轉向而(er)被吸附到金屬板上，從(cong)(cong)(cong)而(er)把污(wu)染(ran)微粒(li)(li)從(cong)(cong)(cong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)離(li)出(chu)來(lai)。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)再通(tong)過(guo)(guo)后置過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和，逸出(chu)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)帶(dai)電(dian)微粒(li)(li)，形成(cheng)的(de)凈(jing)化空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)風機(ji)排出(chu)。

靜(jing)電(dian)式油霧(wu)凈化器(qi)與其它除(chu)霧(wu)過程的根本區別在于：分(fen)離力（主要是(shi)靜(jing)電(dian)力）直(zhi)接作(zuo)用在粒子(zi)上(shang)，而不是(shi)作(zuo)用在整個氣流(liu)上(shang)，這就決定(ding)了它具有(you)(you)分(fen)離粒子(zi)耗能(neng)小(xiao)，氣流(liu)阻力也小(xiao)的特點。由于作(zuo)用在粒子(zi)上(shang)的靜(jing)電(dian)力相對較大，所(suo)以即使對亞(ya)微米級(0.01um) 的粒子(zi)，也能(neng)有(you)(you)效地捕集。